Student's design solutions

From Waikowhai Intermediate

HEALTH EDUCATION - Effectiveness: 1. It can store lots of water when needed. 2. It purifies water. 3. It allows more than one person to wash hands at once. 4. It is effective for a school environment. 5. To allow lots of people to wash hands at once you must turn the straws upside down on more than one container (three straws for one hand washer. Allows eight hand washers to wash hands at once.) By: Sarah, Chris, Hayden, Sally, Liam and Min Room 12 Congratulations! This model has been chosen to feature (as being appropriate and affordable for schools) in the special Wara Bilong Life edition of Atnius, the Tok Pisin monthly newsletter which is distributed widely in the Eastern Highlands. Instructions on how to use when washing hands: 1. Pour water into bucket and let it drip through filter. 2. To wash hands turn straws upside down on selected bucket. 3. Wash hands under flowing water. 4. When finished turn all straws upright on your selected bucket. How to make our prototype: Materials: 1 large bucket with handle. 4 ice-cream containers 36 bendy straws Material to cover bucket String 1. Create 12 holes around the bottom of the bucket in groups of three. 2. Create 9 holes around the bottom of each of the ice-cream containers in groups of three on three of the sides. 3. Attach string to ice-cream containers and bucket handle to secure ice-cream containers to the bucket. 4. Place straws in all holes (straws connected to bucket must connect to ice-cream containers). 5. Place material over the rim of the bucket acting as a filter. How it works: 1. Water drips through filter. 2. Water runs through straws connected the bucket into the ice-cream containers. 3. When hand washer washes hands they turn straws on selected container upside down to allow water to flow out. 4. To stop water flowing turn straws upright. Comment from John la Roche, engineer... · Effectiveness The cloth filter material over the top of the bucket is a good idea, but if it is a good filter, water will take time to pass through the cloth. The filter cloth should be allowed to form a cone shape inside the bucket to contain the water being filtered and this will mean careful holding of the cloth to the rim of the bucket to make sure the filter cloth cannot fall into the bucket. The filter cloth will need to be cleaned from time to time. Will the string holding the filter cloth be strong enough to hold the cone of water being filtered? Can the filter cloth be easily removed for cleaning without disturbing the straw connections to the containers? Using straws to connect the bucket to each of the containers is a good low cost solution, but sealing the straws into the bucket and containers to ensure water is not lost from leaks might be a problem. How will the straws be sealed to prevent leakage? The idea of using bendy straws to dispense small quantities of water for hand washing is excellent. Rather than turning the straws, which might cause them to leak, could they not just be hooked up? · Durability Since all components are plastic they will be easily cleaned and not subject to corrosion. Plastic will deteriorate in time due to UV radiation from the sun, but since components are cheap, spare straws and containers might be provided to replace components if the break. Perhaps it would be good idea to have a spare filter cloth that could be used when the one in use needs to be cleaned. Can spare parts be provided and stored? Would it be sufficiently robust to stand up to handling by sometimes clumsy school children? · User-friendliness The design which allows for up to eight people to use the hand washer is good for a school where lots of students might wish to use the toilets and /or wash their hands before lunch. The bucket would need to be re-filled more often with a large number of students using the washer. Depending on where the water comes from, i.e. a stream or a rainwater tank, it might be necessary to have another bucket ready to pour through the filter when the filtered bucket needs re-filling. · Cost All the items should be reasonably cheap to buy or find. However, because the components may deteriorate with sunlight or wear (the straws) a supply of replacement parts would be a good idea. · Communications Because a number of students use the washer at once there should be good communication about the need to use it, but it would need to be carefully maintained and kept filled and ready for use if it is to be effective in convincing students to wash their hands after using the toilet or eating food. Pupils will see the filter cloth and appreciate the need for clean water. As with other designs, it would be necessary to handle the straws both before and after hand washing and this could transfer germs. By Andrei, Megan, Kelly, Rajiv and Reece Room 12. WATER HAND WASHER How to work it Turn the straw down to let the water go through the straw then turn straw up, put in skewers in to stop the water from going out. To refill leave outside in rain. Materials Milk bottle Straws Skewers Lid of container cloth Equipment Duck Tape Scissors Hot glue gun How to make it 1 Gather all your materials and equipment. 2 Poke a hole with a skewer Down the front of the milk bottle (try to make the Hole big). 3 Now put 1 straw into the hole. 4. Cut out a piece of fabric to fit over milk bottle Top 5. Cut a hole in the plastic lid and hot glue to top Of milk bottle Health aspects & Effectiveness You do not have to touch the straw. It has a filter so no bugs can get in Simple design and cheap to make. Comment from John la Roche, engineer... · Effectiveness The idea of leaving the container out to fill with rainwater is a good thought, but there are times when there is no rain for periods of weeks, and when it does rain the top would be too small to catch significant quantities of water. Perhaps a plastic funnel (made from an old drink bottle) would increase the area and effectiveness and water from other sources could be added when there was insufficient rain to fill the container. I do like the idea of placing the straw on a skewer when finished. · Durability Since all components are plastic they will be easily cleaned and not subject to corrosion. Plastic will deteriorate in time due to UV radiation from the sun, but since components are cheap, spare straws and containers might be provided to replace components if the break. Perhaps it would be good idea to have a spare filter cloth that could be used when the one in use needs to be cleaned. Can spare parts be provided and stored? Would it be sufficiently robust to stand up to handling by sometimes clumsy school children? · User-friendliness Using a milk bottle that has a handle will allow this device to be hung from a suitable tree or tied to a stick at a convenient height. The location would need to be chosen to allow rain to get to the filter cloth on the top of the bottle (or funnel), and for the bottle to be filled by hand when there is not enough rain. Since the components should be readily available and cheap more than one bottle could be provided, depending on the size of the school. · Cost All the items should be reasonably cheap to buy or find. However, because the components may deteriorate with sunlight or wear (the straws) a supply of replacement parts would be a good idea. · Communication Since the device is simple and obvious, with suitable discussions in class about the need for hand washing, it should be a good way to convey the important messages about health and hygiene. Although it is stated that the straw need not be touched, it would have to be moved out of its skewer rest by hand, so transfer of germs would be inevitable with this and other similar designs. HEALTH EDUCATION The water goes into the bottle and the filter stops the dirt from staying in the water, so you have clean water. This also prevents germs because it has running water. You don't need to reuse any water. It is important to have running water because the germs are washed away. We are lucky in New Zealand because we have permanent flowing fresh water at school and Papua New Guinea Schools have limited amount of fresh water so germs are more easily spread. By Devon, Kieran, Nicky, Tyler & Poto Room 12 WATER DISPENSERNATOR What equipment you need to make the WATER DISPENSERNATOR: 1x Cork 1x Ice-cream container with lid 1x Strong straw 1x Clean recycled plastic bottle 1x Pencil with sharp led 1x Glue 1x Drill 8x Planks of wood 1x Scissors 1x Piece of material What people in Papua New Guinea need: 1x Ice-cream container with lid 1x Piece of hollow bamboo 1x Recycled plastic bottle 1x Cork 1x Stick to make holes Lots of mud 8x Sticks of bamboo How to make the WATER DESPENSERNATOR in NZ: 1) Poke a hole in the very middle of the ice-cream container 2) Next get the ice-cream container lid and drill a hole big enough to put the top of the plastic bottle into 3) Get the straw and poke it through the bottom of the ice-cream container so that not much of the straw sticks up in the container 4) After that grab the cork and drill a hole 1/3rd of the way in and put it on the end of the straw to stop the water leaking out 5) Use the glue to seal all of the gaps 6) Cut the bottom of the plastic bottle off 7) Glue the bottle to the ice-cream container lid 8) Glue the piece of material to the lid and of the plastic bottle that acts as a filter How To Use Take off the cork and let the water come out the bottom. When you're done using the water put the cork back on. To clean the filter, take off the lid and empty it. Comment from John la Roche, engineer... · Effectiveness Having the device on legs at a handy height for hand washing is a good idea as is the filter on the top of the bottle, but to be easily filled and the filter cloth should be dished inside the plastic bottle. There should be plenty of 1 litre bottles available, and providing a small quantity of water emphasises the need for care and using the minimum needed. Since 1 litre would not provide many hand washes, perhaps in a school there would need to be three of four such devices, depending on the school size. Using a cork to allow water to flow for hand washing could be a disadvantage as the surface of the cork would be contaminated by people with dirty hands and it could be difficult to put back into the ice cream container and make it seal. I was not sure why a straw needed to be inserted in the centre of the cork. · Durability I like the idea of gluing all the connections to seal the containers and stop water leaking out. But will the glue last when removing or replacing the cork moves the container? Using plastic materials and the cork should provide good durability for the device to last, but would it be sufficiently robust to stand up to handling by sometimes clumsy school children? · User-Friendliness Taking the lid off the container to clean the filter might be difficult. How is the filter cloth held on to the bottle, which is presumably turned upside down to wash the filter cloth? · Cost This device uses materials that should be cheap and readily available. It should be easy to make additional devices if more than one are needed for a school, and the plastic becomes brittle from sunlight. Communication The small readily visible device should send a message to pupils to be careful with water as well as the need to wash their hands. Class lessons to make children aware of the need for hand washing and personal hygiene will be important. MADE BY SEAN, JOEL, MOHAMMAD, JAMES AND HO JOON, Room 12 How the mechanism works When it rains the water is collected in the ice cream container. The water flows into the milk bottle and begins to fill up to the flow margin and it continues into the other ice cream container. The water will run and you can just wash your hands. When you finish washing, pull the cork at the bottom out (white container). WHAT YOU NEED . 3x Ice cream containers . 2x milk bottles . Pipe . Hose pipe . 2x corks Comment from John la Roche, engineer... ·Effectiveness A good point for this device is the large rainwater catchment tub on top. Rainwater should be reasonably clean and not need a filter cloth unless there was the likelihood of leaves and dirt blowing in. However when there was insufficient rain and the device has to be filled with stream water, a filter cloth would be necessary. Using the second ice cream container to catch the water for hand washing might be easier for hand washing, but would probably use more water than other devices using straws. Would the container become contaminated with multiple uses? It is a good idea to provide a stand form another ice cream container. But would the whole device be unstable in a wind? I would suggest additional support is needed, particularly to withstand pulling out and replacing the corks. The device would need to be placed at a convenient height, say on a table or shelf · Durability Since all components are plastic they will be easily cleaned and not subject to corrosion. Plastic will deteriorate in time due to UV radiation from the sun, but since components are cheap, spare containers might be provided to replace components if they break. Can spare parts be provided and stored? Would it be sufficiently robust to stand up to handling by sometimes clumsy school children? · User-friendliness The need to pull out and replace two corks would take time, delaying others from using the device. The corks would become contaminated by multiple users, risking the spread of disease. As mentioned above the device would need to be supported and placed at a convenient height. · Cost This device uses materials that should be cheap and readily available. It should be easy to make additional devices if more than one are needed for a school, and the plastic becomes brittle from sunlight. · Communication This readily visible device should send a message to pupils to be careful with water as well as the need to wash their hands. Class lessons to make children aware of the need for hand washing and personal hygiene will be important. Health Education It is hygienic because it has a good system and it cleans easily and it is really simple to make. By Matt, Tahlia, Nikita, Bena and Harrison, Room 12. FILTERATION SENSATION Steps: Pour water into the coke bottle that is cut in half. Wait for water to go through filter and it will come through the mesh into the plastic tubing. Pull the cork out. Running water will come out then when you're finished plug the cork back in. Equipment you need: A filter (mesh 2 coke bottles An ice-cream container A stand made of wood Hot glue gun Pump bottle lid Instructions how to make it 1) Cut the coke bottles in half. 2) Drill around 10 to 15 in holes in the bottom half of the coke bottle Glue part of the filter over the holes. 3) Cut 4 large holes in the lid of the coke bottle then glue the other part of the filter over the top and tighten it back on to the coke bottle. 4) Put the top half of the coke bottle upside down and put the bottom into the top then glue it together. 5) Shove that into the top half of the other coke bottle that has also been halved and then glue with a hot glue gun. 6) Next drill a hole in the center of the ice cream the diameter of the coke bottle so it just fits. 7) Glue the coke bottle into the lid. 8) You have now made the main structure. Now you must build a stand. 9) It should have four legs and be able to hold the ice cream lid on the top glue the lid onto the stand 10) Next change the lid of the bottom most bottle and change it to the pump lid. Comment from John la Roche, engineer... · Effectiveness This device has a good storage volume above the filter cloth that is at the bottom of the top container. This will allow the water to slowly filter through to the lower container giving good purification if a good filter cloth is chosen. How would the filter cloth be easily cleaned? Placing the whole device on a stand at a convenient height, supported on an ice cream container lid is an excellent idea. Using a pump bottle lid as a tap to open and close off the water for hand washing is a good idea, but it might be hard to open and could become contaminated by multiple users. A cork was also mentioned, but this might also be difficult to operate. · Durability Used coke bottles should be easy to find, they will be durable and easy to clean. Plastic will deteriorate in time due to UV radiation from the sun, but since components are cheap, spare containers might be provided to replace components if they break. Can spare parts be provided and stored? Would it be sufficiently robust to stand up to handling by sometimes clumsy school children? · User-friendliness Hand washing under the device allowing dirty water to fall to the ground is a good idea. The need to open and close the pump bottle lid two corks would take time and possibly waste valuable water. The pump bottle lid would become contaminated by multiple users, risking the spread of disease. · Cost This device uses materials that should be cheap and readily available. It should be easy to make additional devices if more than one are needed for a school, and the plastic becomes brittle from sunlight. Communication This readily visible device should send a message to pupils to be careful with water as well as the need to wash their hands. Class lessons to make children aware of the need for hand washing and personal hygiene will be important. Health Education Information, Questions & Answers 1. Why should you wash our hands? You should you wash hands because it keeps bacteria awayfrom food and your mouth, so you won't get sick. 2. When should you wash your hands? · Before eating · After touching raw meat · After going to the toilet · Before preparing food · After touching animals · After sneezing/coughing 3. Why does our creation work? The cloth is used to catch any leaves, dirt or help prevent germs that may travel with the water. The water flows out in small amounts, which helps the user conserve water. By Paul, Anna, Emily, Jack, & James Mc. Room 12. Congratulations! This model has been chosen to feature (as being appropriate and affordable for schools) in the special Wara Bilong Life edition of Atnius, the Tok Pisin monthly newsletter which is distributed widely in the Eastern Highlands. The PEJJA Equipment: Buckets, String, Bamboo, Knife, Cloth, Rubber Band, Tape (masking is the best), Bottle with Cap (bottom cut off) How to Use: 1. Remove cap off bottle with the sting 2. Open up the pull'n'push bit. 3. Give it a squeeze over your hands 4. Close the pull'n'push bit and put the cap on How to Make: 1. Cut hole in container 2. Put bottle through the hole if any holes use masking tape to cover up holes. 3. Put cloth on the top of container 4. Stick strings on each side to the bottle lid 5. Place on stand. How to make stand 1. Cut four bits of wood all the same size. 2. Cut four bits of wood a bit smaller and nail together to make a rectangle. 3. Nail the four long bits of wood on to the corners of the rectangle. Comment from John la Roche, engineer... · Effectiveness This device is set on long legs at a convenient height for use allowing dirty used water to drop to the ground below. Squeezing the bottle could be a good idea, but will it squeeze too much precious water? Using a pump bottle lid as a tap to open and close off the water for hand washing is a good idea, but it might be hard to open and could become contaminated by multiple users. Using the cap on a string to keep the end clean is a good idea. Having the filter cloth on top of the bucket will make it easy to remove for cleaning, but would need to be firmly held in place to ensure it could not fall in. What is the rubber band would be used for? · Durability The plastic components would be durable and easily cleaned. Would the masking tape and strings remain attached after time and weather? Plastic will deteriorate in time due to UV radiation from the sun, but since components are cheap, spare containers might be provided to replace components if they break. Can spare parts be provided and stored? Would it be sufficiently robust to stand up to handling by sometimes clumsy school children? · User-friendliness Hand washing under the device allowing dirty water to fall to the ground is a good idea. The need to open and close the pump bottle pull 'n' push would take time and possibly waste valuable water. This pump bottle lid would become contaminated by multiple users, risking the spread of disease. · Cost This device uses materials that should be cheap and readily available. It should be easy to make additional devices if more than one are needed for a school, and the plastic becomes brittle from sunlight. · Communication This readily visible device should send a message to pupils to be careful with water as well as the need to wash their hands. Class lessons to make children aware of the need for hand washing and personal hygiene will be important Dr Norris comments on the health education material... While some of the prototypes have merit she feels that you don't really understand what health education means. Here you assume people know what bacteria is. Also there is an unrealistic list (too many instances) of when to wash hands.     More pages of solutions from: Glen Eden Intermediate School Argyll East School Saint Kentigern's College Hukarere Girl's College Limehills School